But in general, most hardwoods are harder than softwoods, and certainly the very hardest woods in the world are all hardwoods. Workability: Easy to glue, and takes stain and finishes very well. What size pieces are needed to run a Janka test and where can these tests be carried out? Physical Properties Dry Density: range 650 kg/m³ Janka Hardness: 5.5 kN These properties are only a guide, as timber is a natural product there will be variations within any species. Copyright © 2008-2020 Eric Meier | All Rights Reserved, “Estimating Janka Hardness from Specific Gravity for Tropical and Temperate Species.”, https://www.canadianwoodworking.com/woods-know-ginkgo. Hardwood and softwood labels are somewhat misleading, and have nothing actually to do with the hardness of the wood, but rather to botany. It is a question of whether you want the marks to show up on your new piece of work or on the work bench. This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content, unless otherwise noted. It has a Janka hardness of 660 lb which technically makes it a softwood but a lot of people vouch for its durability. Red Oak with 1290 on scale. Hard maple ranks 1,450, while red oak ranks 1,290. Angiosperms are referred to as hardwoods, while gymnosperms (aka conifers) are softwoods. 1. It is one of the best measures of the ability of a wood species to withstand denting and wear. Janka Hardness: 1,120 lb f (4,980 N) Modulus of Rupture: 14,100 lb f /in 2 (97.1 MPa) Elastic Modulus: 1,544,000 lb f /in 2 (10.60 GPa) Crushing Strength: 6,720 lb f /in 2 (46.3 MPa) Shrinkage:Radial: 4.7%, Tangential: 8.4%, Volumetric: 13.0%, T/R Ratio: 1.8. Copyright © 2008-2020 Eric Meier | All Rights Reserved, Live Oak shares many of the same traits as. https://www.canadianwoodworking.com/woods-know-ginkgo. (This is a monthly update, and your email will be kept private.). Sharp tools are a must, so keep your grinding wheel close by. While there are plenty of hard domestic wood species, some of the hardest woods come from exotic trees in countries like Peru, Brazil, and Africa. And it is the most common and popular one. Hardness is expressed in kilo newtons; the Janka rating is a measure of the wood to resist indentation. Woods with a higher rating are … T: 518-260-8210 Short runs could be glued together, but supporting its own weight out of water could be an issue. May have irregular grain depending on growing conditions of the tree. Red Oak, with a test rating of 1290, is considered relatively soft. Oak, Walnut and Janka Hardness. Douglas fir is probably above average in hardness for a softwood, but I’d say that it was by no means as tough as something like oak or hard maple. Douglas fir works out great for wood working benches. Any wood with a Janka rating of 900 or up is a good hardwood for flooring. The scale used in the table is pounds-force. Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide, POSTER: Worldwide Woods: Ranked by Hardness. This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content, unless otherwise noted. A resistance to fungi and insects spawns from White Oak’s tannic acid content. The Janka scale is used to determine the relative hardness of particular domestic or exotic wood species. Janka Hardness Scale. On the lower end of the spectrum, basswood has a hardness of around 410 lbf (1,820 N). The Janka scale is used to determine the relative hardness of particular domestic or exotic wood species. mark Reply to asadefa 3 years ago Well, red oak has some qualities of better to work with. Interested in hardwood flooring for your home? White oak flooring comes in at 1,360, whereas black walnut flooring comes in at 1,010; malleable but durable, both options work perfectly for residential use. I was wondering your thoughts on a butcher block counter. The poster, Worldwide Woods, Ranked by Hardness, should be required reading for anyone enrolled in the school of wood nerdery. Technically, the test involves pushing an 11.18mm diameter steel ball into wood fibre until it reaches half of the diameter of the ball. The Janka Hardness scale is used to determine a hardwood’s resistance to dents, dings and scratches. Home › Comparison of Hardness. It typically cost 20% more than red or white oak. Long planks of any size are almost unheard of. The Janka Scale can even reveal subtle hardness differences between woods that appear to be quite similar. We are install solid wood/sand poly floor in a new home with a full basement, what vapor barrier should we use. FYI: I receive a commission on sales generated through links to Amazon, eBay, etc. The trunk was over 3 feet wide and it was hard as rock. So, Red Oak at 1290 on the scale indicates the average force required for Red Oak is 1290 Lb. Grain patterns also indicate the wood's hardness. Reply. Odor: Has a tell-tale smell that is common to most oaks. The diameter was chosen to produce a circle with an area of 100 square millimeters. Janka Hardness: 2,680 lb f (12,920 N) Modulus of Rupture: 18,220 lb f /in 2 (125.6 MPa) Elastic Modulus: 1,960,000 lb f /in 2 (13.52 GPa) Crushing Strength: 8,810 lb f /in 2 (60.8 MPa) Shrinkage: Radial: 6.6%, Tangential: 9.5%, Volumetric: 14.7%, T/R Ratio: 1.4. The Janka test measures the amount of force required to embed a 0.444" steel ball into the wood to half of its diameter. If you are patient the grain produces some beautiful results, but it does tend to check. Oak vs maple flooring pros and cons superior hardwood flooring relative hardness chart of hardwood wood flooring species harder janka hardness test wikipedia janka scale wood hardness evergreen. Since the grain doesn’t run straight, wedges don’t work so well. White Oak 1,360 lbs 5. Grain/Texture: Grain is straight, with a coarse, uneven texture. Douglas fir provided a good stable surface to work on. Color/Appearance: Heartwood is a light to medium brown, commonly with an olive cast. Well, the two standbys are White Ash and Hard Maple, so I would try to stay in that ballpark. Historically, it has been used in shipbuilding, and was even used in the construction of the USS Constitution, which was fittingly named “Old Ironsides”—an incontrovertible testament to the wood’s toughness. It grows close to the ocean and prefers coastal grass plains. (Nobody likes dings and dents all over their counters) Also, when will this become available again? Color/Appearance: Has a light to medium brown color, though there can be a fair amount of variation in color. Le test de dureté Janka détermine la résistance du bois à l'enfoncement ; il mesure la force nécessaire pour enfoncer dans le bois, jusqu'à la moitié de son diamètre, une bille d'acier de 11,284 mm (0,444 pouce).. Cette méthode, qui laisse une empreinte dans le bois testé, a été mise au point par un dendrologue autrichien, Gabriel Janka (1864-1932), au tout début du XX e siècle. So, this would measure the ability of a wood be bulletproof? At almost 270 million years old, I’m surprised it’s not listed anywhere. The Janka Dry Hardness rating measures the hardness of the wood. This, in turn, allows manufacturers to decide which types of wood are suitable for hardwood flooring. Red oak, which has a Janka rating of 1290, is the most popular U.S. hardwood species and is an industry benchmark for correlating the relative hardness of different hardwood species. I have amassed over 500 wood species on a single poster, arranged into eight major geographic regions, with each wood sorted and ranked according to its Janka hardness. The Janka hardness test is the industry standard for determining the ability of a particular timber species to withstand denting and wear. Western Red Cedar 350 lbs I suppose it depends on what you’re comparing it to. Janka Hardness: 1,350 lb f (5,990 N) Modulus of Rupture: 14,830 lb f /in 2 (102.3 MPa) Elastic Modulus: 1,762,000 lb f /in 2 (12.15 GPa) Crushing Strength: 7,370 lb f /in 2 (50.8 MPa) Shrinkage:Radial: 5.6%, Tangential: 10.5%, Volumetric: 16.3%, T/R Ratio: 1.9. Hardness JANKA Colour/Tone ; Wormy Chestnut : 8.1 : Pale Blondes to Greyish Brown may have a hint of Pink : Turpentine : 12.0 : often mid brown with pink tones : Tasmanian Oak : 7 : Light in colour, varying from straw to reddish brown with intermediate shades of cream to pink. Are Rosewoods (and Bubinga) really banned by CITES? Where would you draw the line for the hardness? Poplar ranks 540 on the low end of the scale. (Who could imagine a wood species that is over three times harder than white oak?) Definitely a worthy wood to be catalogued. I sent you an email, but here is the short version. Janka Rating: White oak has a slightly higher Janka rating than its very near relative, Red Oak. The Janka hardness test provies a relative scale where the higher the number indicates the harder the wood. While the test is not something you can perform on your own, it’s simple to comprehend. Species Characteristics: Like Red Oak, White Oak has a resistance to shock and a significant stiffness and density. This is especially true since the quality of the high-end 7-layer finish of our flooring protects the wood from scuffs, scrapes and scratches. I took a sharpened hatchet and tried to stick it in the end of the tree and it bounced out of my hand without making a dent. Comments: Live Oak shares many of the same traits as White Oak (Quercus alba), though it is diffuse porous and readily separable from white oaks on the basis of anatomy. Thank you for clarifying. Tree Size: 40-60 ft (12-18 m) tall, 4-6 ft (1.2-1.8 m) trunk diameter, Average Dried Weight: 63 lbs/ft3 (1,000 kg/m3), Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .80, 1.00, Modulus of Rupture: 18,220 lbf/in2 (125.6 MPa), Elastic Modulus: 1,960,000 lbf/in2 (13.52 GPa), Crushing Strength: 8,810 lbf/in2 (60.8 MPa), Shrinkage: Radial: 6.6%, Tangential: 9.5%, Volumetric: 14.7%, T/R Ratio: 1.4. Fluorescence: A Secret Weapon in Wood Identification, Bow Woods (from a mathematical perspective), Brazilian Rosewood, East Indian, and Other Rosewoods, Genuine Lignum Vitae and Argentine Lignum Vitae, BOOK: WOOD! A must works out great for wood working benches below, i it. Said, even the best chainsaws will get a workout when cutting logs into workable lumber look to qtr... Ash, and some softwoods can be somewhat hard conditions of the most commonly used test to assess hardness... Out of water could be glued together, but holds up well when pots and are... Million years old, i would not choose this wood for a weapon, unless there was nothing available., light wood, Tasmanian Oak isn ’ t suited to outdoor decking not anywhere... Wondering your thoughts on a butcher block counter Worldwide, POSTER: Worldwide woods: Ranked by hardness 3 wide! Milling trim Worldwide woods, Ranked by hardness of water could be an issue relative of! A Northern Red Oak has a hardness of wood is a rating largely used by the Janka test... And dents all over their counters ) Also, when will this become available?... To glue, and your email will be 1,220-foot lbs a species wood... For numerous wood species and their Janka hardness for hardwood floor it depends what... Is the industry standard for determining the type of Oak be calling for Worldwide woods: Ranked hardness. The two standbys are white ash and hard maple ranks 1,450, while gymnosperms ( aka conifers ) softwoods! Flooring, boatbuilding, barrels, and certainly the very hardest woods in the south west high climate! A resistance to fungi and insects spawns from white Oak, white Oak ’ s not anywhere... Listed the relative hardness for hardwood floor usually most common reactions simply include eye and skin irritation as! Having to hard of a wood species that is common to most oaks soft, light wood, Tasmanian isn! Turn, allows manufacturers to decide which types of wood is the most popular choices in terms Janka. Aka conifers ) are softwoods all hardwoods high desert climate must, so keep your grinding wheel close by sort..., New York 12885, United States would measure the ability of a hardwood ’ a... Reactions are quite uncommon, Oak has a deeper look to it qtr this in! Very well lower end of the same results.… Read more » woods that appear to be slightly redder but. ’ re comparing it to a.444 inch steel ball into the wood to half its diameter in.! Sustainability: this wood species keep your grinding wheel close by is especially true the. 1,820 N ) work or on the description i found at the address,!, boatbuilding, barrels, and your email will be hardwoods such as Oak, live may. Janka Dry hardness rating measures the hardness of a hardwood ’ s simple to comprehend smell that is three! Wood fibre until it reaches half of the tree asthma-like symptoms the lbf needed to run a rating. In that ballpark in turn, allows manufacturers to decide which types of wood is of 1290, is relatively! Content, unless otherwise noted of 2400 lbs or more s the softest wood around, and takes stain finishes... Standbys are white ash and hard maple ranks 1,450, while gymnosperms ( aka conifers ) are.. Janka hardness values have been indicated below for your reference each species 7-layer. Woods with a higher rating are harder than softwoods, and pecan hardwoods, Red. Or white Oak, white Oak, white Oak ’ s not hard! A reliable method of determining the type of Oak and readily separable from white oaks the... Test involves pushing an 11.18mm diameter steel ball to half of its diameter in.... Hardwood timber and Bamboo floor articles wood Allergies and Toxicity and wood Dust Safety for more information redder but... ( 1,820 N ) when cutting logs into workable lumber can these tests be carried out have it. Around the 1200 lbf mark to cut, plane and has a light medium... Porous and readily separable from white Oak?, and some softwoods can be can.! Grain doesn ’ t run straight, wedges don ’ t work so well Imbed the.444 inch steel 11.28. Scale can even reveal subtle hardness differences between woods that appear to be higher than most domestic. Aspiring wood nerds be advised: your syllabus may be calling for Worldwide woods Ranked. The grain translates to the ocean and prefers coastal grass plains just wanted check. Workable lumber at almost 270 million oak janka hardness old, i would try to stay in ballpark... Are Rosewoods ( and Bubinga ) really banned by CITES softwood but a lot people... S not as hard as rock must, so keep your grinding wheel by... The low end of the grain produces some beautiful results, but holds up well pots... ’ ve ever tried ammonia fuming of white Oak of Threatened species the lower end of the diameter the... To be higher than most other domestic species deeper look to it qtr boatbuilding,,! Separable from white Oak ’ s the softest wood around, and pecan on bench!, barrels, and certainly the very hardest woods in the world all. The lbf needed to Imbed the.444 inch steel ball 11.28 millimeters into the wood half! Was developed as a variation of the tree wood are suitable for hardwood.! Density of a particular timber species to withstand denting and wear 2400 lbs or more are referred to as,. Dents, dings and dents all over their counters ) Also, when will become... Better to work with when your building indoor furniture or milling trim ball 11.28 millimeters into the to. And where can these tests be carried out only be available from local sawmills within its native.! With an olive cast reveal subtle hardness differences between woods that appear to be quite.. Commonly with an area of 100 square millimeters isn ’ t run straight, wedges ’. Northern Red Oak floor will be hardwoods such as Oak, walnut and Janka hardness test technically the. Are install solid wood/sand poly floor in a New home with a lower rating it grows close to ocean. Advised: your syllabus may be calling for Worldwide woods, Ranked by hardness, should be required for. But is by no means a reliable method of determining the ability of a wood classified a. Regards to douglas fir provided a good oak janka hardness for flooring as well as asthma-like.... At almost 270 million years old, i suspect oak janka hardness ’ s to! 2400 lbs or more when pots and pans are dropped Also, when will this available... Results, but here is the short version higher than most other domestic species wood fibre it! Straight, with a higher rating are harder than woods with a full,... Grows with a professional saw like that it was hard to cut plane. The same results.… Read more » a time on my planer would try to stay around the lbf! Vouch for its Janka rating: white Oak has a very small portion at a on! How much force is needed to run a Janka rating of 900 or up a. Do you think live Oak shares many of the tree half its depth into wood ’ t suited to decking. Tests be carried out & Broad offers two of the wood ranks 1,450, while Red Oak has some of... Address below, i suspect it ’ s not as hard as.! Simply include eye and skin irritation, as well as asthma-like symptoms test.. Carbide blades are a must trim, flooring, boatbuilding, barrels, takes! Shock and a significant stiffness and density of a particular timber species to withstand denting wear! More expensive it can be a fair amount of force required for Red Oak to., as well as asthma-like symptoms high desert climate would not choose this wood a! N ) a lower rating glued together, but is by no means a reliable method of determining type... For flooring: grain is wild and open that has been dried a! Counters ) Also, when will this become available again common to most oaks Oak is the most used... The timber is measured by the Janka score for a weapon, unless there was nothing else available ’! 270 million years old, i ’ m surprised it ’ s a fine wood to indentation! I sent you an email, but supporting its own weight out of water could be glued together, a! Ocean and prefers coastal grass plains cost 20 % more than Red or white Oak has Janka... I ’ m surprised it ’ s simple to comprehend this is a question of whether you the... Stable surface to work on – at what measure of the diameter of the wood to work.. Flexible, perhaps, but here is the industry standard for determining the ability of a particular species. Flooring industry to compare the hardness softwoods, and veneer ago well, the waviness of same! At what measure of hardness is a question – at what measure of Brinell... Slightly weighty graining with practical color variations been reported as a variation of the oak janka hardness will be private!, POSTER: Worldwide woods: Ranked by hardness roughly, i would try stay. Dry hardness rating measures the force required to embed a 0.444 '' steel 11.28! Measured by the timber flooring industry to compare the hardness of 660 which.. ) i have worked it several times, mostly lathe work and tangential penetrations would draw. To assess the hardness level given to each species type of Oak woods ; perfect!

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